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Volume 10, Issue 2 (Summer 2024)                   JMIS 2024, 10(2): 110-123 | Back to browse issues page

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Ardestani-mohammadi F, Rahmatzadeh Z. The mHealth Applications for Patients With Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review. JMIS 2024; 10 (2) :110-123
URL: http://jmis.hums.ac.ir/article-1-485-en.html
The mHealth Applications for Patients With Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Fatemeh Ardestani-mohammadi , Zahra Rahmatzadeh
Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Mobile applications, Organ transplantation, mHealth, Systematic review
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Introduction
Many chronic diseases lead to organ failure. The best treatment for patients with end-stage organ diseases is organ transplantation, which can improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Organ transplant recipients need serious care because infection, inflammatory reactions, reactive oxygen species activation, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, and transplant rejection are always threatening them. 
Nowadays, many people use smartphones and have a positive attitude towards the use of mobile health (mHealth) applications. Medication adherence control, medication dosage tracking, recording of clinical symptoms after transplantation, the possibility of rapid intervention by the medical team, improved communication with the medical team and self-care are among the benefits of mHealth. Since patients receiving organ transplants have a complex and time-sensitive treatment regimen, non-adherence to medication can increase the possibility of transplant rejection. Due to the potential of mHealth in healthcare and the lack of a review study on mHealth applications in transplant patients, this systematic review study aims to investigate mHealth applications for patients with organ transplantation.

Methods
This is a systematic review study. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for related articles using keywords such as mobile app, portable electronic app, smartphone app, organ or tissue graft, and cell transplant. Searches were conducted without considering a time limit (until September 24, 2022). Only original articles that had introduced mHealth applications in the field of organ transplantation were included. All short articles, letters to the editor, conference abstracts, review articles, as well as articles with no available full texts were excluded. The data extraction form included 10 items surveying the first author’s name, year, type of study, purpose of the study, number of samples, name of the application, application functionality, users, operating system, received organ, age range of recipients and conclusion. The data was analyzed using the content analysis method.

Results
A total of 123 articles were found, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. These studies were conducted in Spain and the USA. 45.5% of applications were designed for kidney and liver transplant recipients and 36.5% for stem cell transplant recipients. 63.6% of the studies focused on the effectiveness of applications in adherence to treatment and 36.4% focused on the design of applications for self-care. Table 1 presents the specifications of three studies as an example.




Conclusion
The results showed that the use of mHealth applications is effective in the field of organ transplantation. These applications can increase patients’ adherence to treatment, self-care, awareness of disease treatment methods, and self-reporting. The mHealth applications have the potential to improve transplant knowledge and increase medication adherence. As a result, they provide improved self-care, which in turn leads to reduced graft rejection and improved quality of life. The results of the present study can be useful for examining the characteristics of applications in the field of organ transplantation. Also, the results of this study can help patients to identify appropriate applications and help software developers to design and develop appropriate with more features. It is recommended that, by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the applications in the field of organ transplantation, measures should be taken to develop more applications according to the users’ needs.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines
There were no ethical considerations to be considered in this research.

Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.

Authors' contributions
All authors contributed to the preparation of this article.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.





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Type of Study: Review | Subject: General
Received: 2023/09/10 | Accepted: 2024/01/8 | Published: 2024/07/1
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